Socialization Process: Social World and Children
(Teacher, peers, Parent)
Meaning of
socialization
Socialization occurs through human interaction. In short, Socialization is a process through which individuals learn to internalize
social norms, values and expectations to become members of society and learn
appropriate cognitive, personal and social skills to enable them to function as
productive members of their society. Is needed.
WF Ogburn: - According
to him, Socialization is the process of learning the norms of the group and the
process of learning the norms of the society.
ES Bogardus:
- According to him, Socialization is a process of learning to live and
work together.
Types of
Socialization: -
There are two main types of socialization:
• Primary Socialization
• Secondary socialization
Primary Socialization
The initial period of a person's life during which they
initially learn and form themselves through experiences and interactions with
their surroundings. The period of primary Socialization begins with the birth
of the child. At that point, the child has no conception and comes only with
sensory schema. It is said to be primary because of two factors: first it
occurs in the early stages of life and second, most importantly it exerts a
powerful influence on our lives and determines a role in shaping behavior.
Primary socialization usually occurs in the family. The primary agent of
socialization is the family, during our formative years we acquire human
skills, goals and attitudes towards the culture and society from the family.
Secondary Socialization
Secondary Socialization begins with a child's first step into
the larger society. It refers to the process of learning what is appropriate
behavior as a member of a smaller group within a larger society. Basically, it
is the behavior pattern reinforced by the social agents of the society.
Secondary Socialization takes place outside the home. Although most of the
learning of roles, skills and roles, skills and appropriate behavior occurs
during secondary socialization.
Factors Affecting Socialization:-
There are four factors affecting the process of socialization.
- Imitation
- Suggestion
- Identification
- Language
Imitation
Imitation is the main factor in the process of socialization
of the child. Through this May social behavior patterns one learns by coping.
Language and pronunciation are acquired by the child only through imitation.
Suggestion
Suggestion is the process of communicating information that
has no logical or self-evident basis. It is devoid of rational persuasion. It
can be communicated to the child through language, pictures or any similar
medium. Suggestions not only affect one's behavior with others but also one's
personal and personal behavior.
Identity
At an early age, the child cannot differentiate between his
organism and the environment. Most of his actions are random, natural and
unconscious. As the child grows in age, he gives up on natural things, which
satisfy his needs. Such things become the subject of his identity. Thus the
mother feeding the toy with which he plays becomes the object of his identity.
Through recognition he becomes sociable.
Language
Language is a medium of cultural transmission and social interaction. At first, the child speaks some random word that has no meaning, but gradually he gets to know his mother tongue.
Socialization Agencies
Socialization takes place through our lives, four of the most
effective agents of Socialization during that stage of our life are:-
The first world of a child is that of his family. It is the
primary agent of socialization. It is here that the initial sense of self and
habit develops in the child - training - eating, sleeping etc. Parents play a
vital role in guiding children into gender roles deemed appropriate in society.
Families also teach children values that they will hold for the rest of their
lives. They often adopt their parents' point of view not only about work but
also about the importance of education, patriotism and religion.
After the family, educational institutions take over
socialization, where children different from families gather to gain a common
sense. Children develop a set of relationships with teachers and classmates in School. School helps the child to adapt to the social system, working to
prepare the child for a stable adult life. It has been said that learning at
home is on a personal, emotional level, whereas learning at school is
intellectual in origin.
Peer group members are usually children of the same age and
have similar status. As children grow older, the family becomes less important
in their social development; children engage more with their peer groups and
spend more time in their company. However, peer groups usually only affect
short-term interests, unlike family, which has long-term effects.
4. Mass Media
The influence of media has grown rapidly with the development
of technology; since the last century, technological innovations such as radio,
motion picture, recorded music and television have become important agents of
socialization. Mass media introduced cultures and norms from around the world
that children would otherwise. Socialization, family, peer groups and other
agents of society and a culture are not aware, but mass media enhances exposure
to the social world.
Infancy: - (from birth to 18 months)
Babies are
born without any culture. They must be converted by their parents. Babies have
to face many challenges at this stage. Challenges related to establishing
trust, confidence, and a sense of security that their world is a safe place.
Parents play an important role in how children deal with these challenges.
Early Childhood: - (from 18 months to 3 years)
Early
childhood is commonly known as the "toy stage". In this stage the
child learns to control and coordinate his muscles, learns to walk, talk and
understand various gestures and also learns to control his natural processes.
Children spend most of their play time doing something original with toys and
play equipment. At this stage, the child's ability to ask questions increases.
When kids
are preschool, they need help to develop their skills and this is when
preschool games can really come in handy. The teacher can use a number of games
and activities to help with this development – with the help of these
activities the child learns to obey adults other than their parents, developing
a sense of equality with peers. Play sports and fit into the new routine of the
school day. At this stage, the child learns to connect with his surroundings
and language development begins.
This all stage is known by many as infancy
stage, troubled stage, and latency stage. During this stage, children learn the
values of their society. At this stage children engage in academic activities
themselves, they enter school, they start making friends, best friends are
important at this stage. What they learn and experience in this stage greatly
affects their later life, academically and otherwise. They develop their
creative potential at this stage.
Young Adulthood: - (18 years to 35 years)
The phase
of falling in love as well as making close friends involves balancing the need
to bond with the distinct need to have a distinct identity. Loneliness and
isolation occur when a person is unsuccessful. They want deep intimacy and they
can help others. At this stage. Alienation can happen when the person is in
satisfying failed relationships. They can help others in socialization at this
stage.
In this stage one focuses on his career and
family. Those who are successful at this level will feel a sense of
accomplishment and change in society. They contribute to society by being an
active member, thwarting the sense of an active meaninglessness of life at this
stage.
Maturity: - (65+ years)
This year
the person is at the end of his life and career. People expect to look back on
what they have achieved with honesty and a sense of satisfaction.
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